Effect of sleep fragmentation SF exposures in utero on GTT and ITT in offspring mice at 20 weeks of age. (A,B) GTT for males (SCOM and SFOM), and females (SCOF and SFOF), respectively. (C,D) ITT experimental results. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; SC versus SF at time point: *P < 0.05; n = 10–12/experimental condition. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures (SFOM versus. all other experimental groups: P < 0.0001). GTT, glucose tolerance text; ITT, insulin tolerance test; SF, sleep fragmentation; SC, sleep control; SCOF, sleep control female mice; SCOM, sleep control male mice; SFOF, sleep fragmented female mice; SFOM, sleep fragmented male mice.