Figure 2.

(A) Upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 and (B) enhancement of cholesterol efflux by purple Perilla frutescens extracts (PPE) in 50 μg/ml Cu²⁺-oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-exposed J774A.1 murine macrophages. (A) For the measurement of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression, total cell lysates were subjected to western blot analysis with a primary antibody against ABCA1 or ABCG1. β-actin was used as an internal control. Bar graphs (means ± SEM, n=3) represent quantitative densitometric results of the upper bands. (B) Cholesterol efflux was expressed as the percentage of fluorescence in the medium relative to the total fluorescence. Bar graphs denoted without a common letter indicate significant difference, P<0.05.