Figure 3.

(A) Time course response of ABCA1 induction by TO-091317 and (B) upregulation of ABCA1 by purple Perilla frutescens extracts (PPE), and (C) enhancement of liver X receptor (LXR)α induction by PPE. J774A.1 murine macrophages were cultured with 1 μM TO-091317 or 50 μg/ml Cu²⁺-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the absence or presence of 1–10 μg/ml PPE. For the measurement of expression of (A and B) ABCA1 and (C) LXRα, total cell lysates were subjected to western blot analysis with a primary antibody against ABCA1 or LXRα. β-actin was used as an internal control. Bar graphs (means ± SEM, n=3) represent quantitative densitometric results of the upper bands. Bar graphs denoted without a common letter indicate significant difference, P<0.05.