Figure 4.

(A) Time course response of ABCA1 induction by pioglitazone, and (B) enhancement of ABCA1 and (C) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) by purple Perilla frutescens extracts (PPE). J774A.1 murine macrophages were incubated with 10 μM pioglitazone and 50 μg/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the absence or presence of 1–10 μg/ml PPE. For the measurement of expression of (A and B) ABCA1 and (C) PPARγ, total cell lysates were subjected to western blot analysis with a primary antibody against ABCA1 or PPARγ. β-actin was used as an internal control. Bar graphs (means ± SEM, n=3) represent quantitative densitometric results of the upper bands. Bar graphs denoted without a common letter indicate significant difference, P<0.05.