Table 1.

Overview of Published Drinking Games (DGs) Research With College Students From 2004-2013

Authors	N	Study design	Site(s)	% White	% Who played	Method of assessing DGs behavior
Johnson & Cohen (2004)	147	Q	Single	DNR	DNR	Freq. of past week/month/year DG participation; # of drinks while playing
Johnson & Stahl (2004)	287	Q	Single	89%o	Restricted to gamers	Freq. of past month/year DG participation; # of drinks while playing
Sharmer (2005)	360	Q	Single	DNR	56%c men, 54%c women	Participation in a DG in the past month (yes/no)
Simons, Klichine, et al. (2005)	317	Q	Single	84%	65%d	DG participation (yes/no); # of drinks while playing
Simons, Lantz, Klichine, & Ascolese (2005)	225	Q	Single	77%	72%d	DG participation (yes/no); # of drinks while playing
Zamboanga et al. (2005)	187	Q	Single	DNR	DNR	Number of DG played
Clapp, Min, et al. (2006) ^	618	NO; INT; Q	Single	75%	DNR	Presence of DG in a social drinking context; DG participation at event (yes/no)
Clapp, Reed, et al. (2006) ^	4,964	INT; Q	Multisite	56%	Under 21 = 35%n, 21+= 38%n	Participation in DG at most recent social event
Pedersen & LaBrie (2006)	105	Q; INT	Single	59%	64%d women, 57%d men	Freq. of past 3 month DG participation; # of drinks while playing
Zamboanga et al. (2006)	164	Q	Single	85%	Restricted to gamers	Freq. of monthly DG participation; # of drinks while playing
Borsari et al. (2007)	334	Q; INT	Single	95%	45%	Participation in DG during the night of an alcohol policy violation
Casey & Dollinger (2007) ^	135	Q	Single	DNR	79%	Participation in DG with friends since starting college (yes/no)
Grossbard et al. (2007)	7,450	Q	Multisite	72%	49%e	Freq. of past year DG participation
Pedersen & LaBrie (2007)	227	Q	Single	59%	45%d,j men 46%d,j women	Participation in DG while pregaming in past month
Polizzotto et al. (2007) a	27f 256	Q; INT	Single	DNR	74%d	Lifetime participation in DG (yes/no); Freq. of past 6 month DG participation; # of drinks before, during, and after the game
Zamboanga, Calvert, et al. (2007)	162	Q	Single	DNR	Restricted to gamers	Intoxication level; type of beverage consumed; type of DG; duration of gaming; competitiveness
Zamboanga, Horton, et al. (2007)	332	Q	Single	DNR	52%e	Freq. of monthly DG participation
Clapp, Ketchie, et al. (2008) ^	3,359 17f	NO; INT; Q; FG	Single	DNR	25% risque; 13% nonrisque	Participation in DG at current social event (yes/no); presence of DG in social context
Clapp, Min, et al. (2008) ^	1,304b	NO; INT; Q	Single	DNR	32%n	Participation in DG at current social event (yes/no)
Pedersen & LaBrie (2008)	522	Q	Single	51%	64%d	Freq. of DG participation days in past month; # of drinks while playing
Usdan et al. (2008)	80f	FG	Multisite	58%	DNR	Students' qualitative reports of DG participation
Zamboanga, Rodriguez, & Horton (2008)	176	Q	Single	DNR	46%g	DG participation (yes/no) during the semester or sports season
Pino & Johnson-Johns (2009) ^	2,254	Q	Multisite	~75%	DNR	Past month participation in DG (yes/no)
Zamboanga et al. (2009) ^	362	Q	Single	DNR	DNR	Freq. of monthly DG participation in college and high school
Cameron et al. (2010)	133	Q	Single	DNR	52%c	Lifetime participation in DG (yes/no); freq. of past month DG participation; # and type of drinks while playing; duration; type of DG
Correia & Cameron (2010)	52	LBO; EXP	Single	DNR	Restricted to gamers	Estimated BAC and # of drinks consumed during simulated DG
Ham et al. (2010)	715	Q	Multisite	68%	Restricted to gamers	Freq. of monthly DG participation; level of intoxication while playing
Kenney, Hummer, & LaBrie (2010)	477	Q	Single	59%	54%d,h	Freq. of DG participation days per month; # of drinks while playing; # of drinks consumed on DG occasions
Read et al. (2010) ^	159	Q; INT	Single	89%	91%d,i	Freq. of DG participation as well as in the context of pregaming in past 90 days
Zamboanga, Schwartz, Ham, et al. (2010)	1,327	Q	Multisite	57%	59%d,e	Freq. of monthly DG participation
Zamboanga, Schwartz, Van Tyne, et al. (2010)	2,230	Q	Multisite	DNR	Restricted to gamers	Freq. of monthly DG participation; # of drinks while playing
Boekeloo, Novik, & Bush (2011)	307	Q	Single	69%	78%m	Freq. of alcohol use as part of a DG
Cameron, Leon, & Correia (2011)	92	LBO; Q; EXP	Single	DNR	Restricted to gamers	Lifetime participation in DG; freq. of past month DG participation; type and # of drinks while playing; duration and type of DG; estimated BAC and # of drinks consumed during simulated DG
Comello & Slater (2011)	105	EXP	Single	88%	Not applicable	Behavioral willingness to play DG until one became drunk in mock scenarios
Hummer, LaBrie, & Lac (2011)	568	Q	Multisite	80%	36%j	Participation in DG while pregaming in past 30 days
LaBrie et al. (2011) ^	2,546	Q	Multisite	57%	44%i,j	Participation in DG while pregaming in past 30 days
Ehret, LaBrie, & Hummer (2012)	3,309	Q	Multisite	56%	69%c,d	Freq. of past 30 day DG participation; # of drinks while playing
Haas, Smith, Kagan, & Jacob (2012)	1,171	Q	Single	70%	DNR	Freq. of DG participation whenever one drinks
Hoeppner et al. (2012)	588	Q	Multisite	70%	71%d	DG participation (yes/no) in past year; # of days played in past year
Bhullar, Simons, Joshi, & Amoroso (2012)	293	Q	Single	81%	74%k 26%c	DG participation (yes/no); # of drinks while playing
Hummer, Napper, Ehret, & LaBrie (2013)	988	Q	Multisite	68%	DNR	Participation in a DG while pregaming (yes/no)
Silvestri, Cameron, Borsari, & Correia (2013)	40	LBO; Q; EXP	Single	90%	Restricted to gamers	Freq. of DG participation/consumption patterns; real/estimated BAC; # of drinks consumed during simulated DG
LaBrie, Ehret, & Hummer (2013)	3,421 17f	Q; FG	Multisite	56%	70%d	Freq. of DG participation days in past 30 days; type of DG played; # of drinks while playing
Anderson et al. (2013)	88 13f	Q; FG	Multisite	78%	DNR	Willingness to accept an invitation to attend a drinking game event
Alfonso & Deschenes (2013)	154	Q	Single	82%	74%c,d	Participation in a DG in the past month (yes/no); type of DG played
Sheehan, Lau-Barraco, & Linden (2013)	368	Q	Single	59%	83%d,i	# of drinks while playing
Hone, Carter, & McCullough (2013)	698l	Q	Single	DNR	DNR	Freq. of DG participation; # of drinks while playing
Woodyard, Hallam, & Bentley (2013) ^	214	Q	Single	DNR	65%	Whether or not students participated in DG

Note. Alcohol intervention studies that included drinking games behavior as one of the outcome variables in the study were not included in this table. All studies listed are cross-sectional. In studies that utilized questionnaires and/or interviews, participants provided self-report data. Risque social events refer to highly sexualized parties (e.g., women wore undergarments only, the presence of flirtatious behaviors, sexual touching). DNR = did not report; NO = naturalistic observations; Q = questionnaire; INT = interviews; LBO = laboratory-based observations; FG = focus groups; EXP = experimental.

^aAustralian college sample.

^b89% of the participants in this study were college students.

^cAt least once during the past or previous month.

^dParticipants (all, if not most) reported current or prior alcohol use.

^eAt least once in the past year.

^fNumber of participants who were interviewed for the qualitative study.

^gParticipated in drinking games during the current semester or sports season.

^hParticipated in drinking games during high school.

ⁱSome, if not all, participants consisted of pregamers.

^jParticipated in drinking games while pregaming.

^kTook part in drinking games.

^lParticipants reported playing drinking games at least occasionally.

^mParticipants reported having drank alcohol as part of a drinking game at least once since arriving on campus.

ⁿSample consisted of party attendees.

^oBased on initial sample.

^{^}Involvement in drinking games was included in analyses, but was not the primary study focus.