HMVEC-d were first cultured in complete medium which contains fetal calf serum till their growth became confluent, and then incubated in serum free medium. C3a or C5a of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ng/ml) was added to each well for further 24 hr, the supernatant of each well was collected to test the levels of IL-8 secreted by C3a-treated HMVEC-d (A), MCP-1 secreted by C3a-treated HMVEC-d (B), IL-8 secreted by C5a-treated HMVEC-d (C), and MCP-1 secreted by C5a-treated HMVEC-d (D). * denotes p < 0.05, compared with the value of nontreated. Using the same ELISA kits, plasma levels of IL-8 (E) and MCP-1 (F) were evaluated in 30 patients with acute HSP and 30 healthy controls. * denotes p < 0.05.