Table 1. Characteristics of the 143 children studied according to their birth weight standard deviation scores (SDS).
| Below-average birth weight (<0 SDS) | Above-average birth weight (≥0 SDS) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 76 | 67 | ||
| Demography | Age (years) | 9.3 ± 3.2 | 9.2 ± 3.4 | 0.70 |
| Sex ratio (males/females) | 35/41 | 34/33 | 0.62 | |
| Born preterm | 46% | 37% | 0.31 | |
| Pubertal status (in puberty) | 36% | 30% | 0.48 | |
| Auxology | Height SDS | -0.10 (-0.35–0.14) | 0.44 (0.17–0.71) | 0.002 |
| Height SDS–MPHSDS | -0.26 (-0.53–0.02) | 0.36 (0.06–0.66) | 0.001 | |
| BMI SDS | -0.08 (-0.34–0.18) | 0.21 (-0.08–0.49) | 0.11 | |
| Total body fat (%) | 19.3 (17.5–21.1) | 19.7 (17.7–21.6) | 0.76 | |
| Glucose homeostasis | HOMA2-IR | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.62 (0.52–0.74) | 0.004 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.58 (4.48–4.68) | 4.54 (4.44–4.65) | 0.57 | |
| Fasting insulin (mU/l) | 6.71 (5.71–7.89) | 4.90 (4.11–5.84) | 0.004 | |
| Cardiovascular parameters | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 109.5 (106.5–112.5) | 107.7 (104.4–111.0) | 0.40 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 64.7 (62.4–67.0) | 62.5 (59.9–65.0) | 0.15 | |
| Pulse rate (bpm) | 81.3 (77.7–84.9) | 79.4 (75.4–83.4) | 0.44 |
Age data are mean ± SD; other data are means and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for confounding factors in the multivariate models.