Table 6.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of region with participation in HIV/AIDS research studies

Have you ever tried to participate in or have you ever participated in an HIV/AIDS research study?a	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Region
South	Ref		Ref
Northeast	1.43 (1.13–1.79)	0.003	1.36 (1.07–1.72)	0.01
Midwest	1.28 (0.99–1.63)	0.05	1.18 (0.91–1.52)	0.2
West	2.11 (1.62–2.75)	<0.0001	1.85 (1.39–2.45)	<0.0001
Race
White	Ref		Ref
African American	0.56 (0.45–0.69)	<0.0001	0.68 (0.54–0.85)	0.001
Hispanic	0.56 (0.43–0.72)	<0.0001	0.63 (0.47–0.83)	0.001
Education
High school or less	Ref		Ref
More than high school	1.45 (1.22–1.74)	<0.0001	1.27 (1.04–1.55)	0.02
Age categories, y
<25	Ref		Ref
25–34	1.48 (0.89–2.45)	0.1	1.42 (0.85–2.39)	0.2
35–44	1.68 (1.03–2.72)	0.04	1.62 (0.99–2.66)	0.06
45–54	2.09 (1.30–3.37)	0.002	1.99 (1.22–3.25)	0.006
≥55	2.71 (1.63–4.48)	0.0001	2.39 (1.43–4.02)	0.001
Sex
Male	Ref		Ref
Female	1.11 (0.91–1.35)	0.3	1.30 (1.05–1.61)	0.01
Last use of tobacco
Never/>1 y ago	Ref		Ref
Within past year or past month	0.86 (0.72–1.04)	0.1	0.93 (0.77–1.13)	0.5
Alcohol use
Never or 1/mo	Ref		Ref
>2–3 times/mo	1.11 (0.93–1.34)	0.2	1.14 (0.95–1.39)	0.2
Marijuana use
Never/>1 y ago	Ref		—
Within past month/year	1.12 (0.92–1.38)	0.3	—	—
Other drug use (cocaine, heroin, amphetamine)
Never/>1 y ago	Ref		—
Within past month/year	1.08 (0.83–1.42)	0.6	—	—

Based on the univariate analyses, variables with P ≤ 0.2 were included in the adjusted model; sex was included in the model regardless of P value. Mixed race, transgender, and missing responses not shown in table (all P > 0.05). AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio.

^aYes 1245, no 880. Odds ratios are for yes vs no.