Table 2. Children's BMI and obesity, and the distribution of explanatory factors by race/ethnicity: US.
| White (n=3300) | Black (n=1400) | Mexican (n=1250) | Other Hispanic (n=650) | American Indian (n=300) | Asian Indian (n=250) | East Asian (n=550) | Southeast Asian (n=350) | Other (n=800) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child characteristics | |||||||||
| BMI, mean (s.e.) | 16.40 (0.08) | 16.66 (0.12) | 16.81 (0.12) | 16.78 (0.17) | 17.26 (0.29) | 15.81 (0.26) | 16.30 (0.19) | 16.42 (0.21) | 16.76 (0.23) |
| Obesity, % | 11.3 | 13.5 | 15.9 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 12.1 | 14.8 |
| Age in months (s.e.) | 64.87 (0.08) | 64.88 (0.08) | 64.88 (0.14) | 64.91 (0.20) | 64.92 (0.41) | 64.43 (0.37) | 64.95 (0.22) | 65.14 (0.25) | 65.01 (0.25) |
| Child is male | 51.8 | 50.6 | 51.3 | 49.4 | 53.3 | 51.0 | 50.2 | 57.4 | 47.8 |
| Sociodemographic factors | |||||||||
| Equivalized household income | |||||||||
| Lowest quintile | 13.8 | 34.0 | 25.6 | 21.0 | 34.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 18.3 | 19.8 |
| Second quintile | 16.4 | 20.6 | 29.8 | 20.4 | 27.2 | 12.0 | 13.4 | 19.6 | 17.9 |
| Third quintile | 19.7 | 19.6 | 21.6 | 24.0 | 15.8 | 20.0 | 14.3 | 24.1 | 19.7 |
| Fourth quintile | 23.8 | 14.5 | 13.7 | 17.8 | 16.5 | 21.7 | 21.7 | 22.6 | 22.4 |
| Highest quintile | 26.2 | 11.3 | 9.2 | 16.8 | 6.6 | 37.3 | 40.8 | 15.3 | 20.2 |
| Education | |||||||||
| Less than high school | 2.3 | 11.7 | 20.6 | 10.6 | 7.2 | 0.00 | 2.6 | 12.4 | 4.1 |
| High school/GED | 13.7 | 31.9 | 33.6 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 15.0 | 16.8 |
| Some college | 35.8 | 38.4 | 33.0 | 36.5 | 56.3 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 35.8 | 44.7 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 48.2 | 18.0 | 12.8 | 29.2 | 12.1 | 82.5 | 80.4 | 36.8 | 34.4 |
| Single parent | 14.1 | 56.4 | 21.9 | 29.4 | 34.0 | 6.5 | 4.4 | 19.4 | 32.9 |
| Mother's employment | |||||||||
| Full-time | 40.3 | 50.8 | 38.7 | 49.8 | 46.4 | 33.9 | 48.0 | 48.7 | 45.1 |
| Part-time | 22.2 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 13.5 | 12.4 | 15.8 | 17.8 | 16.8 |
| Not working | 36.5 | 33.0 | 44.6 | 33.0 | 38.1 | 53.6 | 35.9 | 32.0 | 36.5 |
| No mother in household | 1.0 | 0.00 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.3 | 1.7 |
| Cultural factors | |||||||||
| Language spoken at home is primarily English | 100.0 | 99.5 | 56.9 | 72.7 | 100.0 | 94.0 | 87.6 | 85.1 | 100.0 |
| Migrant generation | |||||||||
| First generation | 1.7 | 4.5 | 22.3 | 23.6 | 1.5 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 31.7 | 8.6 |
| Second generation | 3.0 | 6.9 | 36.6 | 27.6 | 0.00 | 73.7 | 68.9 | 46.1 | 4.8 |
| Third generation | 95.3 | 88.6 | 41.1 | 48.7 | 98.5 | 4.1 | 9.6 | 22.2 | 86.6 |
| Family routines | |||||||||
| Always/usually has regular bedtimes | 96.1 | 95.3 | 90.9 | 93.0 | 94.9 | 96.5 | 93.3 | 94.5 | 94.0 |
| Bedtime on weekdays | |||||||||
| Before 1930 h | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 5.0 | 0.00 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| 1930–1959 h | 9.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 8.4 |
| 2000–2029 h | 28.7 | 21.5 | 21.5 | 23.1 | 19.8 | 21.9 | 15.3 | 18.0 | 23.5 |
| 2030–2059 h | 27.2 | 26.4 | 24.3 | 27.2 | 22.3 | 21.2 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 26.0 |
| 2100 h or later | 32.2 | 47.1 | 49.1 | 42.4 | 48.2 | 52.1 | 63.6 | 57.4 | 39.9 |
| Nutrition | |||||||||
| How many portions of fruit per day | |||||||||
| None | 16.6 | 18.5 | 14.8 | 17.1 | 18.8 | 15.9 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 17.0 |
| One | 43.7 | 42.9 | 38.9 | 42.0 | 40.3 | 57.2 | 48.2 | 50.1 | 46.0 |
| Two | 26.6 | 21.2 | 26.4 | 25.1 | 24.2 | 18.4 | 27.8 | 21.0 | 22.5 |
| Three or more | 13.1 | 17.4 | 19.9 | 15.9 | 16.6 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 14.3 | 14.5 |
| Mother's BMI, mean (s.e.) | 27.38 (0.13) | 30.10 (0.20) | 28.72 (0.24) | 28.18 (0.33) | 29.71 (0.82) | 25.69 (0.31) | 23.44 (0.42) | 25.44 (0.42) | 28.57 (0.45) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GED, General Education Diploma; IES, Institute of Education Sciences; NCES, National Center for Education Statistics. Percentages are weighted with respondent weights from the 9-month survey. Sample sizes are unweighted and rounded to the nearest 50. Percentages for cells containing fewer than four observations have been set to 0 per NCES/IES security guidelines and have been included in the closest cell/category.