Table 1.
Association between demographic and lifestyle characteristics and all-cause mortality; the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey (n = 3,918, 1990–2013)
| Characteristic | Participant N | Mortality odds ratioa | p trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Deceased (%) | OR (95 % CI) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 16–29 | 891 | 24 (2.7) | – | – |
| 30 to <45 | 1,008 | 63 (6.3) | – | |
| ≥45 to <60 | 913 | 220 (24.1) | – | |
| ≥60–96 | 1,106 | 868 (78.5) | – | |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 2,122 | 608 (28.7) | – | – |
| Men | 1,796 | 567 (31.6) | – | |
| SES b | ||||
| I | 218 | 37 (17.0) | 1 | 0.005 |
| II | 982 | 261 (26.6) | 1.03 (0.73–1.46) | |
| III | 1,775 | 534 (30.1) | 1.26 (0.90–1.76) | |
| IV | 645 | 220 (34.1) | 1.36 (0.96–1.94) | |
| V | 209 | 90 (43.1) | 1.67 (1.06–2.31) | |
| VI | 89 | 33 (37.1) | 1.20 (0.75–1.94) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 756 | 88 (11.6) | 1 | <0.001 |
| Married | 2,430 | 671 (27.6) | 0.63 (0.49–0.79) | |
| Otherc | 730 | 415 (56.9) | 0.74 (0.58–0.95) | |
| BMI (range in kg/m 2)d | ||||
| Healthy weight (14.9–24.9) | 1,470 | 255 (17.4) | 1 | 0.04 |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 947 | 265 (28.0) | 1.10 (0.93–1.31) | |
| Obese (30–49.9) | 291 | 102 (35.1) | 1.36 (1.08–1.72) | |
| Habitual physical activity | ||||
| Inactive (0 bouts/month) | 787 | 492 (62.5) | 1 | <0.001 |
| Low active (1–14 bouts/month) | 1,773 | 460 (25.9) | 0.77 (0.67–0.88) | |
| Moderate active (15–29 bouts/month) | 778 | 147 (18.9) | 0.78 (0.64–0.95) | |
| Active (30+ bouts/month) | 574 | 76 (13.2) | 0.71 (0.55–0.92) | |
| Lifetime physical activity e | ||||
| 0–24.9 % | 523 | 154 (29.5) | 1 | 0.12 |
| 25–49.9 % | 548 | 112 (20.4) | 0.87 (0.68–1.12) | |
| 50–74.9 % | 605 | 113 (18.7) | 0.83 (0.64–1.05) | |
| 75 %+ | 1,485 | 238 (16.0) | 0.84 (0.69–1.04) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Non-smoker | 1,917 | 532 (27.8) | 1 | <0.001 |
| Ex-smoker | 791 | 276 (34.9) | 1.52 (1.30–1.77) | |
| Current smoker | 1,210 | 367 (30.3) | 2.00 (1.74–2.30) | |
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Light | 2,373 | 698 (29.4) | 1 | 0.001 |
| Moderate | 977 | 207 (21.2) | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) | |
| Heavy | 98 | 21 (21.4) | 1.11 (0.72–1.72) | |
| Abstain | 186 | 171 (91.9) | 2.00 (0.89–1.28) | |
Hazard ratios for continuous/categorical exposures represent the odds of mortality per 1 unit/categorical increase in the exposure
aAdjusted for age and sex
bAccording to the 1980 Registrar-General’s Office of Population Censuses and Surveys classification
cDivorced, separated, widowed
dDefinition of healthy weight = BMI < 25 kg/m2; Overweight = 25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2 and Obesity = BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 [24]
eBased on the proportion of life spent active since 14 years