Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 1,356 adult patients with Gram-negative or Gram-positive bloodstream infection (BSI) by statin use at Levanger Hospital, Norway, 2002–2011
| Variable | Gram-negative BSI (n = 784) | Gram-positive BSI (n = 572) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No statin use (n = 646) | Statin use (n = 138) | p-Value | No statin use (n = 474) | Statin use (n = 98) | p-Value | |
| Age | <0.001 | 0.021 | ||||
| <65 years | 185 (28.6) | 25 (18.1) | 159 (33.5) | 26 (26.5) | ||
| 65–79 years | 189 (29.3) | 71 (51.4) | 153 (32.3) | 45 (45.9) | ||
| ≥80 years | 272 (42.1) | 42 (30.4) | 162 (34.2) | 27 (27.6) | ||
| Female sex | 367 (56.8) | 67 (48.6) | 0.060 | 196 (41.4) | 35 (35.7) | 0.29 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 52 (8.0) | 16 (11.6) | 0.17 | 36 (7.6) | 19 (19.4) | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | ||||||
| Solid tumor | 148 (22.9) | 32 (23.2) | 0.94 | 99 (20.9) | 21 (21.4) | 0.93 |
| Hematological cancer | 35 (5.4) | 3 (2.2) | 0.11 | 38 (8.0) | 3 (3.1) | 0.085 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 87 (13.5) | 41 (29.7) | <0.001 | 70 (14.8) | 35 (35.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 186 (28.8) | 77 (55.8) | <0.001 | 127 (26.8) | 40 (40.8) | 0.003 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 212 (32.8) | 91 (65.9) | <0.001 | 153 (32.3) | 67 (68.4) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 118 (18.3) | 65 (47.1) | <0.001 | 88 (18.6) | 50 (51.0) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 59 (9.1) | 16 (11.6) | 0.36 | 49 (10.3) | 14 (14.3) | 0.25 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 35 (5.4) | 15 (10.9) | 0.016 | 30 (6.3) | 18 (18.4) | <0.001 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 77 (11.9) | 32 (23.2) | <0.001 | 52 (11.0) | 18 (18.4) | 0.041 |
| Chronic liver disease | 10 (1.5) | 1 (0.7) | 0.54 | 14 (3.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.31 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 94 (14.6) | 24 (17.4) | 0.41 | 78 (16.5) | 16 (16.3) | 0.99 |
| Rheumatological/immunological disease | 55 (8.5) | 13 (9.4) | 0.72 | 44 (9.3) | 11 (11.2) | 0.56 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0.014 | <0.001 | ||||
| Low (0) | 187 (28.9) | 23 (16.7) | 144 (30.4) | 10 (10.2) | ||
| Medium (1–2) | 278 (43.0) | 69 (50.0) | 209 (44.1) | 43 (43.9) | ||
| High (>2) | 181 (28.0) | 46 (33.3) | 121 (25.5) | 45 (45.9) | ||
| Nursing home resident | 85 (13.2) | 8 (5.8) | 0.021 | 47 (9.9) | 2 (2.0) | 0.017 |
| Functional status prior to the present BSI | 0.050* | 0.035* | ||||
| Independent | 365 (56.5) | 87 (63.0) | 307 (64.8) | 70 (71.4) | ||
| Partly independent | 178 (27.6) | 38 (27.5) | 108 (22.8) | 26 (26.5) | ||
| Dependent | 97 (15.0) | 11 (8.0) | 52 (11.0) | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Unknown | 6 (0.9) | 2 (1.4) | 7 (1.5) | 0 | ||
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 86 (13.3) | 19 (13.8) | 0.79 | 62 (13.1) | 13 (13.3) | 0.93 |
| Alcohol abuse | 30 (4.6) | 4 (2.9) | 0.45 | 20 (4.2) | 2 (2.0) | 0.38 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 416 (64.4) | 74 (53.6) | 0.017 | 278 (58.6) | 49 (50.0) | 0.14 |
| Former smoker | 110 (17.0) | 38 (27.5) | 0.004 | 105 (22.2) | 33 (33.7) | 0.026 |
| Present smoker | 120 (18.6) | 26 (18.8) | 0.92 | 91 (19.2) | 16 (16.3) | 0.65 |
| Focus of infection | ||||||
| Urinary tract | 358 (55.4) | 76 (55.1) | 0.98 | 45 (9.5) | 10 (10.2) | 0.83 |
| Lungs | 46 (7.1) | 5 (3.6) | 0.15 | 164 (34.6) | 31 (31.6) | 0.67 |
| Biliary tract | 95 (14.7) | 26 (18.8) | 0.21 | 14 (3.0) | 5 (5.1) | 0.32 |
| Gastrointestinal tract | 49 (7.6) | 8 (5.8) | 0.38 | 11 (2.3) | 2 (2.0) | 0.81 |
| Skin or soft tissue | 17 (2.6) | 2 (1.4) | 0.45 | 66 (13.9) | 13 (13.3) | 0.71 |
| Other | 25 (3.9) | 4 (2.9) | 0.69 | 105 (22.2) | 28 (28.6) | 0.16 |
| Unknown | 56 (8.7) | 17 (12.3) | 0.17 | 69 (14.6) | 9 (9.2) | 0.16 |
| Systemic antibiotic therapy before admission | 93 (14.4) | 20 (14.5) | 0.99 | 49 (10.3) | 4 (4.1) | 0.076 |
| Place of acquisition | ||||||
| Community-acquired | 335 (51.9) | 76 (55.1) | 0.52 | 262 (55.3) | 49 (50.0) | 0.44 |
| Acquired in hospital | 76 (11.8) | 21 (15.2) | 0.28 | 73 (15.4) | 16 (16.3) | 0.81 |
| Healthcare-associated | 235 (36.4) | 41 (29.7) | 0.15 | 139 (29.3) | 33 (33.7) | 0.51 |
| Variables expressing the severity of infection | ||||||
| Severe sepsis or septic shock at the time of diagnosis | 149 (23.1) | 25 (18.1) | 0.22 | 95 (20.0) | 25 (25.5) | 0.22 |
| Severe organ failure (SOFA score >2 in any organ) at the time of diagnosis | 90 (13.9) | 19 (13.8) | >0.99 | 75 (15.8) | 21 (21.4) | 0.18 |
| Stay in intensive care unit (ICU) | 117 (18.1) | 26 (18.8) | 0.81 | 107 (22.6) | 36 (36.7) | 0.005 |
| Appropriate initial antibiotic therapy | 548 (84.8) | 122 (88.4) | 0.35 | 397 (83.8) | 88 (89.8) | 0.16 |
Data are presented as number of patients (%)
*Excluding unknowns