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. 2015 Mar 14;21(10):2883–2895. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.2883

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Signaling pathway elicited by the virulence factors elicits various transcription factors or cytokines that in turn influences other molecular cascades. A-D: Depicts common molecular cascades elicited by cytokines or messengers. The cytokines or other molecular messengers are expressed due to signaling pathways described in Figure 2. IL-1B: Interleukin 1 beta; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein; WNT: Wingless-type; BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein; IHH: Indian hedgehog; MYD88: Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa beta.