Table 2.
Number of apprentice nurses reporting having (or having had) symptoms of hand eczema at inclusion, and relative risk (RR) ratios for symptoms of hand eczema in four subgroups based on filaggrin gene FLG mutations and history of atopic dermatitis (AD)
| Subgroup name: | FLG−/AD− | FLG+/AD− | FLG−/AD+ | FLG+/AD+ | RR | RR | RR | RR | RR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup characteristics | (Reference) | ||||||||
| FLG mutationsa | No | Yes | No | Yes | FLG+/AD− | FLG−/AD+ | FLG+/AD+ | FLG+/AD+ | FLG+/AD+ |
| History of ADb | No N = 405 |
No N = 38 |
Yes N = 125 |
Yes N = 28 |
versus FLG−/AD− | versus FLG−/AD− | versus FLG−/AD− | versus FLG+/AD− | versus FLG−/AD+ |
| Reported symptoms on the hands/fingers at inclusion | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | RR (90% CI) | RR (90% CI) | RR (90% CI) | RR (90% CI) | RR (90% CI) |
| Redness | 84 (21) | 7 (18) | 60 (48) | 16 (57) | 0.9 (0.50–1.59) | 2.3* (1.85–2.89) | 2.8* (2.01–3.77) | 3.1* (1.48–6.51) | 1.2 (0.87–1.62) |
| Scaling | 88 (22) | 5 (13) | 47 (38) | 15 (54) | 0.6 (0.30–1.22) | 1.7* (1.35–2.21) | 2.5* (1.78–3.42) | 4.1* (1.68–9.88) | 1.4* (1.01–2.01) |
| Itching | 145 (36) | 14 (37) | 74 (59) | 18 (64) | 1.0 (0.71–1.48) | 1.7* (1.40–1.95) | 1.8* (1.39–2.32) | 1.7* (1.06–2.88) | 1.1 (0.84–1.41) |
| Fissures | 91 (22) | 11 (29) | 46 (37) | 15 (54) | 1.3 (0.83–2.01) | 1.6* (1.28–2.09) | 2.4* (1.72–3.31) | 1.9* (1.01–3.39) | 1.5* (1.03–2.06) |
| Vesicles | 48 (12) | 0 (0) | 32 (26) | 8 (29) | — | 2.2* (1.54–3.02) | 2.4* (1.41–4.14) | n.a. | 1.1 (0.64–1.94) |
| Bumps | 74 (18) | 2 (5) | 46 (37) | 9 (32) | 0.3* (0.09–0.91) | 2.0* (1.55–2.61) | 1.8* (1.08–2.85) | 6.1* (1.43–26.10) | 0.9 (0.53–1.43) |
| History of mild hand eczemac | 163 (40) | 13 (34) | 81 (65) | 19 (68) | 0.9 (0.58–1.25) | 1.6* (1.39–1.87) | 1.7* (1.33–2.13) | 2.0* (1.19–3.30) | 1.1 (0.82–1.33) |
| History of hand eczemad | 54 (13) | 2 (5) | 37 (30) | 12 (43) | 0.4 (0.12–1.25) | 2.2* (1.63–3.02) | 3.2* (2.12–4.87) | 8.1* (1.98–33.52) | 1.5 (0.95–2.21) |
| Mild hand eczema currently present | 58 (14) | 7 (18) | 32 (26) | 9 (32) | 1.3 (0.71–2.33) | 1.8* (1.30–2.46) | 2.2* (1.37–3.68) | 1.7 (0.74–4.12) | 1.3 (0.75–2.10) |
| Hand eczema currently present | 18 (4) | 1 (3) | 14 (11) | 7 (25) | 0.6 (0.11–3.14) | 2.5* (1.44–4.42) | 5.6* (2.91–10.87) | 9.5* (1.24–72.89) | 2.2* (1.13–4.40) |
CI, confidence interval.
Carrier of one or more of the following loss-of-function mutations in FLG: R501X, 2282del4, R2447X, or S3247X.
A history of AD was assessed by questionnaire, with a slightly modified version of the UK Working Party criteria.
One or more of the following combinations of symptoms: redness and itch, redness and scaling, scaling and itch, fissures and redness, fissures and itch, fissures and scaling, vesicles, or papules.
One or more of the following combinations of symptoms: fissures and redness, fissures and itch, fissures and scaling, vesicles, or papules, plus duration of > 3 days or recurrence (symptoms reported more than once).
Significant at α < 0.05.