Table 1. Baseline demographics, clinical and laboratory measurements.
| Healthy Controls | Moderately-severe malaria | Severe Malaria | Severe Sepsis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 20 | 17 | 12 | 5 |
| Age; years, (median, IQR) | 29 (21–35) | 28 (23–32) | 30 (21–37) | 25 (24–26) |
| Males; (number, percentage) | 18 (90%) | 11 (65%) | 9 (75%) | 1 (20%) |
| Days of fever before presentation (median, IQR) | NA | 2 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 2 (2–5) |
| Systolic Blood Pressure; median (IQR), (mmHg)* | 117 (113–126) | 106 (100–115) | 110 (101–132) | 99 (94–101) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure; median (IQR), (mmHg)* | 70 (65–75) | 59 (57–64) | 64 (61–73) | 64 (60–70) |
| Pulse Rate; median (IQR), (beats/min)* | 65 (60–73) | 80 (75–88) | 90 (80–97) | 104 (103–104) |
| Pulse Oxygen Saturation; mean (range), (% saturation) | 99 (96–100) | 98 (94–100) | 96 (75–100) | 99 (96–100) |
| Temperature; mean (range) (°Celsius)* | 36.1 (35–37) | 37.1 (35.9–38.9) | 37.0 (35.8–39.6) | 37.2 (36.7–38.0) |
| Leukocyte count; median (IQR), x103/μL* | 6.1 (4.5–6.8) | 4.2 (3.7–5.8) | 9.8 (7.4–12.0) | 18.1 (15.4–22.1) |
| Hemoglobin; mean (range), (g/dl)* | 12.8 (11.2–15.5) | 11.5 (9.4–13.3) | 12.0 (11.2–13.9) | 9.2 (8.8–11.9) |
| Platelet; median (IQR), x109/L * | 153 (110–200) | 53 (48–80) | 26 (20–98) | 96 (76–201) |
| Creatinine; median (IQR), (μmol/L)* (normal range: 50 to 110 μmol) | NA | 87 (74–106) | 182.5 (109–330) | 80 (57–230) |
| Lactate; median ((IQR), (mmol/L)* (normal range: 0 to 2mmol) | NA | 1.08 (0.9–1.8) | 3.11 (1.9–5.1) | 1.31 (1.2–1.5) |
| Parasite Density; Geometric Mean (95%CI), (parasite/μL)* | NA | 14512 (8103–25989) | 29269 (6453–132740) | NA |
| Histidine Rich Protein 2; Median (IQR), (loge ng/ml) | NA | 2.76 (1.94–3.22) | 4.26 (3.79–6.86) | NA |
*p<0.05 (for ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis or χ2 test comparing severe malaria, moderately-severe malaria, severe sepsis and healthy controls)