Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of study participants

	Metformin	Placebo	P-value
N	45	39	0.55
Age (years)	10.1 ± 0.25	10.3 ± 0.22	0.66
Female sex (%)	35.9	44.4	0.43
Race/ethnicity (%)			0.76
Non-Hispanic White	46.7	51.3	-
Non-Hispanic Black	37.7	38.5	-
Hispanic White	6.7	7.7	-
Other	8.9	2.6	-
Weight (kg)	76.7 ± 3.6	80.0 ± 3.5	0.51
BMI (kg/m2)	34.8 ± 1.0	34.7 ± 1.1	0.94
BMI SD score for age and sex	2.9 ± 0.03	2.9 ± 0.04	0.45
Total fat mass by DEXA (kg)	38.9 ± 2.5	38.7 ± 2.4	0.85
Total lean mass by DEXA (kg)	37.4 ± 1.3	40.7 ± 1.4	0.08
REE (kcal/24h)	1696.4 ± 51.2	1700.8 ± 285.1	0.95
Hemoglobin A1C (%)	5.5 ± 0.09	5.4 ± 0.07	0.16
Fasting serum insulin (pmol/L)	144.2 ± 10.1	138.5 ± 11.5	0.51
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	5.12 ± 0.07	5.06 ± 0.07	0.54
Fasting serum leptin (pmol/L)	1820 ± 168	1850 ± 190	0.80
Food array I energy intake (kcal)	1372.3 ± 103.8	1350.9 ± 87.8	0.95
Pre-Food array I ratings
Hunger	68.5 ± 3.7	68.3 ± 3.5	0.56
Fullness	21.9 ± 4.0	17.9 ± 3.3	0.96
Desire to eat	65.3 ± 2.7	58.9 ± 2.4	0.11
Post-Food array I ratings
Hunger	5.8 ± 1.7	3.9 ± 0.7	0.25
Fullness	78.1 ± 3.9	80.5 ± 4.3	0.30
Desire to eat	11.7 ± 2.7	9.3 ± 3.1	0.30
Ratings before pre-meal load
Hunger	54.3 ± 4.3	57.3 ± 4.3	0.63
Fullness	12.5 ± 2.5	13.8 ± 2.7	0.73
Desire to eat	58.6 ± 3.2	55.3 ± 3.5	0.49
Pre-meal load energy intake (kcal)	872.0 ± 57.9	853.4 ± 34.1	0.79
Ratings after pre-meal load
Hunger	67.7 ± 4.1	68.7 ± 3.8	0.77
Fullness	11.4 ± 2.3	12.8 ± 2.7	0.61
Desire to eat	69.3 ± 3.1	59.9 ± 3.3	0.10
Food array II energy intake (kcal)	1331.5 ± 101.5	1262.5 ± 81.2	0.63
Post-Food array II ratings:
Hunger	6.6 ± 2.3	3.6 ± 0.6	0.43
Fullness	77.1 ± 4.1	73.2 ± 5.4	0.97
Desire to eat	9.3 ± 2.7	8.6 ± 3.2	0.69

Data are presented as means ± SEM unless otherwise indicated. At baseline, there were no significant differences between treatment groups. BMI: body mass index; REE: resting energy expenditure