Table 1.
Current Malaria Vaccine Projects
| Target | Antigen | Antigen Description | Vaccine Mechanism | Most Advanced Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic | RTS,S | Circumsporozoite protein fused to hepatitis B surface antigen | Inhibit sporozoite motility; prevent hepatocyte invasion | Phase 3 clinical testing |
| ChAd63/MVA, ME-TRAP | Chimpanzee adenovirus 63/modified vaccinia Ankara, multiple epitope string with thrombospondin-related adhesion protein | Inhibit sporozoite motility; prevent hepatocyte invasion | Phase 2 clinical testing | |
| PfSPZ | Radiation-attenuated whole organism P. falciparum sporozoites | Inhibit sporozoite motility; prevent hepatocyte invasion | Phase 1 clinical testing | |
| PfCelTOS | P. falciparum cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites | Inhibit sporozoite motility; prevent hepatocyte invasion | Phase 1 clinical testing | |
| Recombinant CSP | Recombinant circumsporozoite protein | Inhibit sporozoite mobility; prevent hepatocyte invasion | Preclinical testing | |
| Genetically attenuated sporozoites | Genetically attenuated whole organism P. falciparum sporozoites | Inhibit sporozoite motility; prevent hepatocyte invasion | Preclinical testing | |
| P. falciparum erythrocytic | EBA 175 | Erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 | Target merozoite ligand that mediates erythrocyte invasion | Phase 1 clinical testing |
| AMA1 | Apical membrane antigen 1 | Target the merozoite's invasion apparatus to prevent erythrocyte infection | Phase 2 clinical testing | |
| GMZ2 | Recombinant Lactococcus lactis hybrid glutamate-rich protein and merozoite surface protein 3 | Target merozoite surface to inhibit erythrocyte invasion | Phase 2 clinical testing | |
| P27A | P. falciparum malaria protein PFF0165c | Target merozoite surface to inhibit erythrocyte invasion | Phase 1 clinical testing | |
| MSP3 | Malaria surface protein 3 | Target merozoite surface to inhibit erythrocyte invasion | Phase 2 clinical testing | |
| SE36 | P. falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 | Target merozoite surface to inhibit erythrocyte invasion | Phase 1 clinical testing | |
| PfPEBS | P. falciparum pre-erythrocytic and blood stage | Inhibit sporozoite motility; prevent hepatocyte invasion; target merozoite surface to inhibit erythrocyte invasion | Phase 1 clinical testing | |
| MSP1 | Malaria surface protein 1 | Target merozoite surface to inhibit erythrocyte invasion | Preclinical testing | |
| Rh5 | Reticulocyte-binding protein homologue 5 | Target merozoite ligand that mediates erythrocyte invasion | Preclinical testing | |
| P. falciparum transmission-blocking | Pfs25 | P. falciparum surface protein 25 | Inhibit ookinete development in the mosquito midgut | Phase 1 clinical testing |
| Pfs48 | P. falciparum surface protein 48 | Inhibit ookinete development in the mosquito midgut | Preclinical testing | |
| Pfs45 | P. falciparum surface protein 45 | Inhibit ookinete development in the mosquito midgut | Preclinical testing | |
| Pfs230 | P. falciparum surface protein 230 | Inhibit ookinete development in the mosquito midgut | Preclinical testing | |
| P. falciparum Pregnancy-associated malaria | var2 CSA | Variant 2 chondroitin sulfate A | Inhibit parasite ligand that binds to placental matrix | Preclinical testing |
| P. vivax pre-erythrocytic | CSP | Circumsporozoite protein | Inhibit sporozoite motility; prevent hepatocyte invasion | Preclinical testing |
| P. vivax erythrocytic | PvDBP | P. vivax duffy-binding protein | Inhibit parasite ligand that binds to placental matrix | Phase 1 clinical testing |
Data source: http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/links/Rainbow/en/index.html last updated 7 July 2014; and [3].