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. 2015 Mar 13;9:80. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00080

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Copyright © 2015 Palmela, Correia, Silva, Sasaki, Kim, Brites and Brito.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) protect human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) from unconjugated bilirubin (UCB)-induced apoptosis. A cell line of HBMEC was incubated without (control) or with 100 μM UCB, in the presence of 100 μM human serum albumin, for 48 h. The bile acids (50 μM) were added prior to (1 h) or after (4 or 8 h) UCB addition. Quantification of apoptosis is shown as percentage of apoptotic nuclei per total number of cells and results are expressed as mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. ^***P < 0.001 vs. control; ^§P < 0.05, ^§§P < 0.01, and ^§§§P < 0.001 vs. UCB alone.