TABLE 3—
Odds Ratios for Preterm Birth for US-Born Black Relative to White Women Delivering in California, Stratified by Socioeconomic Characteristics: Maternal and Infant Health Assessment, 2003–2010
| Variables Included in the Model Predicting Preterm Birth | Model 1,a OR (95% CI) | Model 2,b OR (95% CI) | Model 3,c OR (95% CI) |
| Family income | |||
| ≤ 100% poverty | 1.23 (0.91, 1.65) | 1.19 (0.86, 1.63) | 1.14 (0.78, 1.65) |
| > 100% poverty | 2.03 (1.64, 2.50) | 1.85 (1.48, 2.32) | 1.82 (1.42, 2.34) |
| Maternal education | |||
| < high-school graduate | 0.93 (0.61, 1.42) | 0.94 (0.58, 1.52) | 0.91 (0.51, 1.61) |
| ≥ high-school graduate | 1.95 (1.64, 2.31) | 1.69 (1.38, 2.08) | 1.63 (1.29, 2.05) |
| Paternal occupation, excluding students | |||
| Not working | 0.82 (0.29, 2.31) | 0.84 (0.22, 3.18) | 0.97 (0.15, 6.09) |
| Lower status | 1.52 (1.22, 1.89) | 1.37 (1.07, 1.76) | 1.25 (0.93, 1.69) |
| Higher status | 2.12 (1.58, 2.85) | 1.85 (1.30, 2.62) | 1.90 (1.25, 2.88) |
| Census tract–level poverty | |||
| ≥ 25% | 1.19 (0.75, 1.89) | 1.16 (0.70, 1. 93) | 0.99 (0.55, 1.76) |
| < 25% | 1.91 (1.62, 2.26) | 1.68 (1.39, 2.04) | 1.61 (1.30, 1.99) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
Race only (unadjusted), comparing Blacks to Whites.
Race + socioeconomic variables (family income [only for the > 100% poverty group], maternal education, paternal education, mother’s parents’ education, maternal occupation, paternal occupation, private insurance before and during pregnancy, census tract poverty [< 25% or ≥ 25%]), comparing Blacks to Whites.
Race + socioeconomic variables + all other variables (maternal age, paternal age, parity, trimester of prenatal care initiation, adequacy of prenatal care visits, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, pregnancy intendedness, intimate partner violence, homelessness, job loss of respondent, job loss of partner, separation or divorce, moving, trouble paying bills, incarceration of respondent or partner, drug or alcohol problem in someone close, food insecurity, marital status, emotional support, practical support, prepregnancy health status, body mass index, adequacy of weight gain during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension), comparing Blacks to Whites.