TABLE 4—
Longitudinal Associations Between Racism and Mental Health Outcomes: Black LIFE Study, New York City, 2011–2013
| Variable | Change in Psychological Distress, b (95% CI) | Change in Depression, b (95% CI) | Change in Days in Poor Mental Health, b (95% CI) |
| Everyday discrimination | |||
| Change | 1.29 (0.65, 1.94) | 0.09 (0.02, 0.16) | 3.16 (1.64, 4.68) |
| Age | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) |
| Gender | 1.12 (−0.33, 2.56) | 0.14 (−0.02, 0.30) | 2.52 (−0.51, 5.56) |
| Years of education | 0.13 (−0.14, 0.40) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) | −0.17 (−0.65, 0.31) |
| Neighborhood | −0.01 (−1.55, 1.53) | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.18) | −0.08 (−3.02, 2.86) |
| Financial straina | |||
| Always have enough (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sometimes do not have enough | 1.61 (0.04, 3.18) | 0.17 (0.02, 0.31) | 2.48 (0.04, 4.93) |
| Often do not have enough | 2.82 (0.85, 4.79) | 0.30 (0.10, 0.49) | 5.68 (2.44, 8.92) |
| Daily life experiences | |||
| Change | 1.26 (0.40, 2.12) | 0.15 (0.07, 0.24) | 2.21 (0.58, 3.83) |
| Age | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.07) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.06) |
| Gender | 1.11 (−0.25, 2.48) | 0.14 (−0.021, 0.295) | 2.65 (−0.35, 5.65) |
| Years of education | 0.08 (−0.14, 0.31) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.02) | −0.26 (−0.69, 0.18) |
| Neighborhood | 0.03 (−1.43, 1.48) | 0.01 (−0.15, 0.17) | 0.05 (−2.88, 2.99) |
| Financial straina | |||
| Always have enough (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sometimes do not have enough | 1.58 (−0.09, 3.25) | 0.14 (−0.01, 0.29) | 2.10 (−0.29, 4.49) |
| Often do not have enough | 3.11 (1.03, 5.18) | 0.25 (0.04, 0.45) | 5.63 (2.16, 9.10) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; LIFE = Linking Inequality, Feelings, and the Environment.
a
Respondents were asked whether they had enough for the things they needed.