Figure 2.

PI(3,4,5)P₃ recruits PH domain-containing proteins to the plasma membrane and regulates diverse cellular responses. PI3K phosphorylates PI(4,5)P₂ to form PI(3,4,5)P₃, which recruits PH domain-containing signaling proteins to the plasma membrane. PH domain-containing proteins are activated at the plasma membrane and mediate important cellular responses such as cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. PM, plasma membrane; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor.