IGF-1 stabilized tubes generated from primary endothelial cells derived from various vascular beds.
A, IGF-1 prevented serum-stimulated regression. These experiments were done as in Fig. 1A, except that, during the 4-h regression period, the collagen sandwich was overlaid with medium containing 5% (instead of 0%) serum. B, serum-stimulated regression was prevented by antagonists of LPA receptors or ATX. These experiments were done as in Fig. 1C, except that, during the 4-h regression period, the collagen sandwich was overlaid with medium containing 5% (instead of 0%) serum. C–F, IGF-1 antagonized serum-induced regression of tubes organized from four different types of primary endothelial cells. The experiments were done as in A, except that, during the regression period, the collagen sandwich was overlaid with medium containing 1% (instead of 5%) serum. Regression of tubes beyond the 4-h time point is also shown. HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; BREC, bovine retinal endothelial cell. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001.