Figure 4.

Trans-activation of PDGFR and EGFR. Alternative stimulants such as angiotensin II (AngII) can initiate activation of ligand-inaccessible RTKs in lieu of traditional ligand-receptor interactions. In this scenario, AngII binds to GPCRs to promote endogenous H₂O₂ production and activation of redox regulated PTKs such as c-Src. Src promotes phosphorylation of PDGFR or EGFR, and neighboring receptors can be activated in a lateral-based mechanism. Additionally, concurrent PTP inactivation has also been suggested to promote RTK trans-activation.