Table 2.
Food insecurity by socio-demographic characteristics among households in District Eight in HCMC (n = 250)
| Characteristics | Food insecurity status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food insecure (%) | Food secure (%) | P value** | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age † † | 0.01* | |||
| 18-44 | 32.5 | 51.2 | 1.00 | |
| 45-64 | 52.3 | 41.4 | 1.63 (0.68-3.94) | |
| ≥65 | 15.1 | 7.3 | 1.71 (0.91-4.02) | |
| Gender | 0.18 | |||
| Male | 23.0 | 77.0 | ||
| Female | 36.2 | 63.8 | ||
| Education † | 0.00* | |||
| Never went to school | 4.2 | 6.8 | 1.38 (1.09-1.83) | |
| Completed primary school | 38.6 | 21.9 | 1.41 (1.22-1.63) | |
| Completed secondary school | 44.3 | 39.0 | 1.27 (1.12-1.44) | |
| Completed high school or above | 10.2 | 34.7 | 1.00 | |
| Ethnicity | 0.83 | |||
| Kinh | 34.0 | 66.0 | ||
| Others | 40.0 | 60.0 | ||
| Settlement time ‡ | 0.02* | |||
| ≤10 years | 82.6 | 69.5 | 2.13 (1.08-4.31) | |
| >10 years | 30.5 | 17.4 | 1.00 | |
| Employment | 0.25 | |||
| Family size | 0.95 | |||
| Living arrangement | 0.19 | |||
| Total income by urban poverty lines | 0.18 | |||
| Total household income by house items § | 0.00* | |||
| Low | 100.0 | 0.0 | 7.28 (2.99-17.69) | |
| Medium | 44.0 | 60.5 | 3.14 (1.24-4.33) | |
| High | 6.7 | 93.3 | 1.00 | |
*Significant at p < 0.05.
**P-value for chi-square (difference between food secure and food insecure households).
† †Adjusted for education.
†Adjusted for age and total income.
‡Adjusted for age.
§Adjusted for age and education.