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. 2015 Mar 13;11(3):e1004757. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004757

Fig 7. TNF-α contributes to airway obstruction and weight loss during FI-RSV VED.

Fig 7

BALB/c mice were immunized with FI-RSV and treated with either IgG or anti-TNF-α neutralization antibody prior to RSV challenge. (A) H&E and PAS staining were performed on immunized mice at day 4 following RSV challenge. Representative pictures were taken for each group at 200X magnification. (B) Stained lung sections were evaluated for PVA, mucus, and total histopathology scores. (C) Lower airway resistance and compliance were assessed in immunized mice at day 4 p.i. (D) Viral titers were quantified at day 4 p.i. between IgG and anti-TNF-α treated immunized mice. (E) Total numbers of eosinophils and CD4 T cells in the lungs of vaccinated mice receiving anti-TNF-α neutralizing antibody were enumerated on day 7 following RSV infection. (F) Total number of Th1 and Th2 cytokine producing cells in the lungs was quantified at day 7 post-infection following PMA and ionomycin stimulation. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of 2 independent experiments (n = 8 total mice). Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.