Table 7. ANCOVA (primary analysis)—secondary outcome FESV.

Outcome	Number Control group/ Intervention group	Control group M (SD)	Intervention group M (SD)	adjusted mean difference (95% CI) at the end and at 12 months	between-group effects (ANCOVA)
					P	d
Action-oriented coping
Baseline (t1)	181/183	14.91 (4.95)	14.65 (4.68)
End of rehabilitation (t2)	181/183	16.61 (4.65)	18.80 (3.90)	2.35 (1.54 to 3.16)	<0.001	0.60
12-month follow-up (t3)	181/183	15.90 (4.85)	17.88 (4.01)	2.21 (1.37 to 3.04)	<0.001	0.55
Subjective coping competence
Baseline (t1)	180/183	16.16 (4.37)	16.81 (4.28)
End of rehabilitation (t2)	180/183	17.04 (3.95)	19.15 (3.00)	1.84 (1.20 to 2.49)	<0.001	0.60
12-month follow-up (t3)	180/183	16.76 (4.37)	18.44 (3.72)	1.44 (0.66 to 2.21)	<0.001	0.40
Cognitive restructuring
Baseline (t1)	180/183	14.22 (4.81)	14.57 (4.39)
End of rehabilitation (t2)	180/183	15.46 (4.30)	18.26 (3.51)	2.72 (1.98 to 3.47)	<0.001	0.77
12-month follow-up (t3)	180/183	15.22 (4.46)	16.95 (3.98)	1.67 (0.87 to 2.48)	<0.001	0.43
Counter activities
Baseline (t1)	181/185	12.27 (4.37)	12.44 (4.47)
End of rehabilitation (t2)	181/185	13.05 (4.23)	15.67 (3.84)	2.55 (1.83 to 3.27)	<0.001	0.62
12-month follow-up (t3)	181/185	12.16 (4.38)	14.89 (4.07)	2.73 (1.94 to 3.53)	<0.001	0.71
Mental distraction
Baseline (t1)	181/184	10.55 (4.25)	11.29 (4.67)
End of rehabilitation (t2)	181/184	11.71 (4.41)	14.55 (4.70)	2.55 (1.69 to 3.40)	<0.001	0.62
12-month follow-up (t3)	181/184	10.96 (4.56)	13.81 (4.72)	2.66 (1.78 to 3.54)	<0.001	0.63
Relaxation
Baseline (t1)	181/184	11.92 (5.18)	11.97 (4.86)
End of rehabilitation (t2)	181/184	14.31 (4.98)	16.22 (4.50)	1.91 (1.06 to 2.77)	<0.001	0.46
12-month follow-up (t3)	181/184	13.87 (5.00)	15.01 (4.77)	1.20 (0.34 to 2.06)	0.006	0.29

M = mean, SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; P = significance value; bold = significant between-group difference (P<0.05); d = Effect size Cohen’s d for the between group difference; FESV = Pain Management Questionnaire