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. 2015 Feb;57(1):21–33. doi: 10.1177/0018720814565188

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Mean values, with error bars indicating standard error of the mean (SEM), of (a) task execution time, (b) percentage of concurrent motion, (c) average separation distance between the human and robot, (d) robot idle time, and (e) human idle time for the standard and human-aware robot executions.