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. 2013 Jan 15;36(11):676–685. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs459

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© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal, Learned Society and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Results of cytokine arrays of mononuclear cell secretome obtained from cultured mouse splenocytes and mononuclear cell secretome obtained from cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cell are depicted in (A). Both preparations were comparable regarding their secreted products. (B) The proliferative response of purified human CD4+ cells in the presence or absence of mononuclear cell secretome. CD4+ cells stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin or anti-CD3 showed lower proliferation rates when treated with mononuclear cell secretome. Unstimulated, purified CD4+ cells or a commercially available T cell line (JURKAT) undergo apoptosis in the presence of mononuclear cell secretome as shown by flow cytometry (C and E) and by histone release assay (D). This effect was partially reversible by pre-incubation with a caspase-3 and a caspase-8 inhibitor, indicating an external pathway-mediated effect (F). Interestingly, known pro-apoptotic cytokines were only found in marginal concentrations in the mononuclear cell secretome (G). Blocking pathways associated with apoptosis by neutralizing antibodies had no effect on mononuclear cell secretome-induced histone release (H).

Results of cytokine arrays of mononuclear cell secretome obtained from cultured mouse splenocytes and mononuclear cell secretome obtained from cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cell are depicted in (A). Both preparations were comparable regarding their secreted products. (B) The proliferative response of purified human CD4+ cells in the presence or absence of mononuclear cell secretome. CD4+ cells stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin or anti-CD3 showed lower proliferation rates when treated with mononuclear cell secretome. Unstimulated, purified CD4+ cells or a commercially available T cell line (JURKAT) undergo apoptosis in the presence of mononuclear cell secretome as shown by flow cytometry (C and E) and by histone release assay (D). This effect was partially reversible by pre-incubation with a caspase-3 and a caspase-8 inhibitor, indicating an external pathway-mediated effect (F). Interestingly, known pro-apoptotic cytokines were only found in marginal concentrations in the mononuclear cell secretome (G). Blocking pathways associated with apoptosis by neutralizing antibodies had no effect on mononuclear cell secretome-induced histone release (H).