Table 3.

Summary of multilevel binary logistic regression analysis for social factors associated with children’s attitudes towards smoking

Attitude item	Bad for health		Not safe to smoke year or two		Difficult to quit once started		Others smoke is harmful to you		Effects sports performance		Makes no difference to your weight
Predictor	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Boys
Mother smoking	0.87 (0.50,1.54)	0.64	0.69 (0.47, 1.01)	0.05	0.75 (0.51, 1.09)	0.13	1.18 (0.78, 1.80)	0.44	1.36 (0.91, 2.04)	0.14	1.28 (0.88, 1.85)	0.19
Father smoking	0.68 (0.39, 1.17)	0.16	1.18 (0.82, 1.71)	0.37	0.96 (0.67, 1.37)	0.81	1.15 (0.77, 1.73)	0.48	1.02 (0.69, 1.50)	0.92	0.91 (0.64, 1.29)	0.59
Sibling smoking	0.45 (0.21, 0.98)	0.04*	0.95 (0.52, 1.76)	0.88	1.11 (0.60, 2.05)	0.74	1.85 (0.93, 3.69)	0.08	0.67 (0.35, 1.28)	0.23	1.19 (0.66, 2.14)	0.57
Friend smoking	0.38 (0.21, 0.69)	<0.01*	0.73 (0.47, 1.15)	0.18	1.13 (0.83, 2.08)	0.24	0.57 (0.35, 0.91)	0.02	1.07 (0.66, 1.72)	0.80	0.65 (0.42, 1.02)	0.06
Girls
Mother smoking	1.09 (0.52, 2.20)	0.82	0.69 (0.47, 1.02)	0.07	0.86 (0.59, 1.26)	0.44	0.81 (0.53, 1.24)	0.32	1.18 (0.78, 1.77)	0.43	1.13 (0.78, 1.64)	0.53
Father smoking	0.82 (0.41, 1.64)	0.58	1.00 (0.68, 1.47)	1.00	1.29 (0.89, 1.86)	0.18	1.33 (0.87, 2.03)	0.18	0.68 (0.46, 1.01)	0.05	1.12 (0.78, 1.60)	0.54
Sibling smoking	1.69 (0.55, 5.15)	0.36	1.75 (0.95, 3.21)	0.07	0.84 (0.47, 1.49)	0.55	1.04 (0.55, 1.95)	0.90	0.71 (0.39, 1.29)	0.26	0.92 (0.57, 1.47)	0.73
Friend smoking	1.30 (0.49, 3.46)	0.60	0.77 (0.44, 1.33)	0.35	0.85 (0.50, 1.47)	0.57	1.32 (0.72, 2.43)	0.36	0.96 (0.54, 1.69)	0.88	1.11 (0.65, 1.88)	0.71

Notes: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. OR (95% CI) values reflect the strength of association between mother, father, sibling or friend smoking on attitudes towards smoking. All models were adjusted for non-smoking intentions, refusal self-efficacy, and school and deprivation level. *Significant association (P < 0.05).