Table 1.
Socio-demographic information of analysed groups
| Characteristic | 1. Baseline sample (2011) | 2. Previous participants still displaced in 2012 | 3. Return migrants recruited in 2012 | Difference between groups 2 and 3 (chi 2 , df, p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 450 | N = 324 | N = 242 | ||
| Age | 0.30 (1), p = 0.028 | |||
| 18–21 (born in displacement) | 39 (8.6) | 18 (5.7) | 22 (9.1) | |
| 22–37 (child at displacement) | 189 (42.0) | 158 (48.8) | 93 (38.4) | |
| 38–65 (adult at displacement) | 222 (49.3) | 148 (45.7) | 127 (52.5) | |
| Gender | 0.002 (1), p = 0.891 | |||
| Male | 166 (36.8) | 112 (34.6) | 85 (35.1) | |
| Female | 284 (63.2) | 212 (65.4) | 167 (64.9) | |
| Ethnicity | - | |||
| Muslim | 426 (94.7) | 306 (94.4) | 242 (100.0) | |
| Other (Sinhala/Tamil) | 24 (5.3) | 18 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Religion | - | |||
| Islam | 424 (94.2) | 305 (94.1) | 242 (100.0) | |
| Other (Buddhist/Hindu/Christian) | 26 (5.8) | 19 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Marital status | 0.07 (1), p = 0.108 | |||
| Married | 345 (76.6) | 269 (83.0) | 186 (76.8) | |
| Widowed/Divorced | 37 (8.2) | 30 (9.3) | 25 (10.3) | |
| Never married | 67 (14.8) | 25 (7.7) | 31 (12.8) | |
| Education | 0.05 (2), p = 0.664 | |||
| Primary (Up to grade 5) | 115 (25.6) | 72 (22.2) | 58 (24.0) | |
| Secondary (Up to OL) | 272 (60.7) | 206 (63.6) | 145 (59.9) | |
| Post-secondary (AL & above) | 61 (13.6) | 46 (14.2) | 39 (16.1) | |
| Employment | 0.002 (1), p = 0.771 | |||
| Employed | 182 (40.4) | 124 (38.3) | 90 (37.2) | |
| Unemployed | 268 (59.6) | 199 (61.4) | 152 (62.8) | |
| Financial debt | 1.45 (1), p = 0.007 | |||
| No debts | 256 (57.1) | 240 (74.1) | 208 (85.9) | |
| Indebted | 193 (42.9) | 83 (25.6) | 34 (14.1) | |
| Food security (last year) | 10.35 (1), p = <0.001 | |||
| Sufficient food | 319 (70.1) | 256 (79.0) | 229 (94.6) | |
| Lack of sufficient food | 130 (28.9) | 67 (20.7) | 13 (5.4) | |
| Household assets | 62.36 (2), p = <0.001 | |||
| Low | - | 5 (1.5) | 51 (21.1) | |
| Middle | - | 171 (52.7) | 174 (71.9) | |
| High | - | 148 (45.7) | 12 (7.0) | |
| Land ownership | 0.76 (1), p = <0.001 | |||
| Own land before displacement | - | 82 (25.3) | 138 (57.0) | |
| Did not own land | - | 239 (73.7) | 103 (42.6) | |
| Resettlement land | - | |||
| Resettled in own land | - | - | 120 (49.5) | |
| Resettled in allocated land | - | - | 121 (50.0) | |
| Social network | 0.008 (1), p = 0.873 | |||
| Social isolation | 74 (16.4) | 44 (13.5) | 34 (14.1) | |
| Adequate network | 376 (83.6) | 280 (86.5) | 208 (85.9) |
Note: Group 1 is made of baseline sample participants recruited in Puttalam district in 2011. Group 2 is made of 324 baseline participants traced and re-recruited from Puttalam district in 2012. Group 3 is made of 14 baseline participants who had returned to areas of origin in Mannar district and 228 new recruits from Mannar district.