Table 4.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood according to body mass index (BMI) in childhood and change of BMI from childhood to adulthood
| Risk factor | Models with BMI in childhood | Models with BMI in childhood and BMI gain | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR by BMI in childhood | 95% CI | OR by BMI in childhood | 95% CI | OR by change in BMI | 95% CI | |
| Obesitya | 1.38 | 1.27-1.51 | - | - | - | - |
| Central obesity | 1.23 | 1.14-1.33 | 2.38 | 1.94-2.91 | 2.90 | 2.36-3.56 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 1.12 | 1.05-1.21 | 1.21 | 1.10-1.32 | 1.43 | 1.33-1.53 |
| Hyperglycemia or diabetes | 1.13 | 1.05-1.21 | 1.15 | 1.06-1.24 | 1.15 | 1.10-1.22 |
| Hypertension | 1.02 | 0.95-1.08 | 1.04 | 0.97-1.12 | 1.26 | 1.20-1.34 |
| Raised triglycerides | 0.99 | 0.92-1.07 | 1.01 | 0.93-1.09 | 1.22 | 1.15-1.29 |
| Reduced HDL cholesterol | 1.04 | 0.95-1.14 | 1.05 | 0.95-1.16 | 1.20 | 1.13-1.28 |
| Elevated high-sensitivity CRP | 1.16 | 1.07-1.28 | 1.19 | 1.09-1.31 | 1.23 | 1.16-1.30 |
Separate logistic regression models were calculated for every risk factor. Odds ratios were calculated for a one-unit increase in the BMI. All logistic regression models were adjusted for sex, physical activity level, alcohol consumption, smoking and family history of obesity.
aBecause of complete separation, logistic regression was not fitted for calculation of obesity odds when BMI in childhood and BMI gain were included in the model.
Significant (P < 0.05) values in bold.
Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, HDL high density lipoprotein, CRP C-reactive protein.