Table 2.
Pooled estimates for the association between depression adherence to antiretroviral therapy and series of subgroup analyses
| Subgroup | n | Odds ratio (95% CI) | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 111 | 0.58 (0.54 to 0.62) | 86.9 |
| Country’s income group | |||
| High-income | 92 | 0.59 (0.55 to 0.63) | 87.8 |
| Middle-income | 10 | 0.39 (0.25 to 0.63) | 75.6 |
| Low-income | 8 | 0.52 (0.40 to 0.68) | 28.2 |
| Publication year | |||
| 1993 to 2000 | 7 | 0.33 (0.13 to 0.83) | 93.4 |
| 2001 to 2005 | 46 | 0.58 (0.52 to 0.64) | 85.6 |
| 2006 to 2010 | 50 | 0.58 (0.52 to 0.64) | 73.4 |
| 2011 to 2013 | 8 | 0.61 (0.46 to 0.82) | 79.3 |
| Study design | |||
| Cross-sectional | 86 | 0.53 (0.48 to 0.58) | 85.5 |
| Cohort | 24 | 0.77 (0.71 to 0.83) | 77.1 |
| Sample size | |||
| Less than 100 | 25 | 0.41 (0.27 to 0.62) | 81.9 |
| 100 to 500 | 67 | 0.61 (0.57 to 0.65) | 82.8 |
| 500 or more | 19 | 0.70 (0.62 to 0.79) | 73.4 |
| Depression rate | |||
| Less than 20% | 5 | 0.63 (0.49 to 0.98) | 83.4 |
| 20 to 50 % | 18 | 0.66 (0.55 to 0.78) | 70.4 |
| 50% plus | 12 | 0.48 (0.41 to 0.57) | 0.0 |
| Adherence rate | |||
| Less than 50% | 6 | 0.52 (0.43 to 0.62) | 0.0 |
| 50 to 75% | 27 | 0.75 (0.69 to 0.82) | 73.9 |
| 75% plus | 23 | 0.62 (0.54 to 0.72) | 80.3 |
| Adherence measure | |||
| Self-reported | 92 | 0.61 (0.57 to 0.64) | 83.9 |
| MEMS cap | 7 | 0.48 (0.18 to 1.31) | 96.5 |
| Pharmacy refills | 8 | 0.62 (0.52 to 0.76) | 29.1 |
| Pill count | 4 | 0.56 (0.42 to 0.74) | 0.0 |