Table 3.

Multivariable Cox models for size and number of indeterminate pulmonary nodules for all patients. Each model was adjusted for American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, histology, and tumor size, N = 748.

	Lung Metastases			Any Distant Metastases			Death from Kidney Cancer
Predictors	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
Size of nodules
No nodules	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
≤ 1 cm	1.26	0.76-2.10	0.4	1.33	0.85-2.08	0.2	1.08	0.56-2.09	0.8
> 1 cm	4.53	1.95-10.52	0.0004	3.77	1.66-8.57	0.002	2.45	0.81-7.37	0.11
AJCC stage
Stages 1 and 2	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
Stages 3 and 4	2.67	1.90-3.76	<0.0001	2.80	2.08-3.78	<0.0001	3.17	2.01-5.00	<0.0001
Histology
Non-clear cell	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
Clear cell	3.13	1.57-6.22	0.001	2.05	1.19-3.53	0.01	1.37	0.67-2.82	0.4
Tumor size (cm)	1.14	1.08-1.20	<0.0001	1.12	1.07-1.17	<0.0001	1.09	1.02-1.17	0.012
Number of nodules
No nodules	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
Single	1.08	0.51-2.29	0.8	1.06	0.55-2.05	0.9	1.30	0.54-3.14	0.6
Multiple	1.61	0.96-2.71	0.072	1.65	1.04-2.62	0.034	1.16	0.58-2.32	0.7
AJCC stage
Stages 1 and 2	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
Stages 3 and 4	2.67	1.90-3.73	<0.0001	2.79	2.07-3.75	<0.0001	3.28	2.06-5.21	<0.0001
Histology
Non-clear cell	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
Clear cell	2.87	1.45-5.69	0.002	1.99	1.15-3.45	0.013	1.34	0.65-2.76	0.4
Tumor size (cm)	1.14	1.08-1.20	<0.0001	1.12	1.07-1.17	<0.0001	1.09	1.02-1.17	0.011

Abbreviations: HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interva , AJCC = American Joint Committee on Cancer