(a–c) Effects of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) on cell death and proliferation in rat brain endothelial cells. (a) LDH assay showed that LCN2 treatment was not toxic to RBE.4 cells. (b) Flow cytometry showed that LCN2 treatment did not increase the percentage of early apoptosis (Annexin V+PI−) and late apoptosis/necrosis (AV+PI+) in RBE.4 cells. (c) MTT assay showed that 2µg/ml of LCN2 slightly inhibited the proliferation of RBE.4 cells. *, p<0.05 compared with control group. (d–g) Effects of LCN2 on tube formation and scratch migration in rat brain endothelial cells. (d, f) Representative pictures of tube formation (d) and scratch migration (f). (e, g) Bar graph of the number of tubes (e) and migration (g). Treatment with 1µg/ml of LCN2 significantly increased the number of tubes, reduced the area of gap field and enhanced endothelial migration. *, p<0.05 compared with the control group.