Table 2.
Demographic data of normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and diabetes groups.
| Normal glucose tolerance | Prediabetes | Diabetes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 51 | 40 | 95 |
| Age (y) | 42.5 ± 17.22,3 | 54.4 ± 11.91 | 53.7 ± 10.31 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 5.9 | 24.9 ± 3.1 | 25.1 ± 3.5 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.1 ± 10.9 | 121.0 ± 14.7 | 121.9 ± 14.9 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.0 ± 6.8 | 76.1 ± 8.5 | 76.4 ± 8.5 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.52,3 | 6.4 ± 0.41,3 | 9.9 ± 2.21,2 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L) | 49.5 (9.3–81.1) | 25.5 (7.5–61.7) | 23.0 (14.4–44.3) |
| First-phase insulin secretion (μU/min) | 517.5 (183.0–5144.7)2,3 | 123.6 (35.5–390.7)1 | 37.8 (11.6–158.3)1 |
| Insulin sensitivity (10−4·min−1·pmol−1·L−1) | 0.8 (0.2–3.2) | 1.9 (0.6–4.4) | 1.4 (0.6–2.9) |
| Disposition index | 893.9 (240.0–2447.1)2,3 | 54.8 (21.7–894.6)1 | 40.7 (8.3–182.5)1 |
| Glucose effectiveness (10−2·dL·min−1·kg−1) | 0.020 ± 0.0102,3 | 0.014 ± 0.0081 | 0.014 ± 0.0101 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.7 (0.4–2.7) | 1.3 (0.3–3.1) | 1.7 (0.8–3.3) |
| HOMA-β | 134.0 (27.9–352.4)2,3 | 29.0 (10.4–72.6)1,3 | 13.0 (6.2–26.4)1,2 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR and HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and β-cell function.
1 P value < 0.05 when compared with “Normal glucose tolerance” group; 2 P value < 0.05 when compared with “Pre-diabetes” group; 3 P value < 0.05 when compared with “diabetes” group.