Figure 2.

Effect of ascorbic acid alone or in combination with hypothermia or hyperthermia in normal human keratinocytes. (a) Structure of L-ascorbic acid. (b) Cytotoxicity assays exposed 24 h with ascorbic acid. (c) Effect of different concentrations of ascorbic acid on DEFB1 expression at 24, 48, and 72 h. The reference group was 0 mM at each time. (d) Effect of hypothermia, normothermia, and hyperthermia, all plus interaction with 20 mM ascorbic acid on DEFB1 expression. Reference group was normothermia (37°C) at each time. Error bars represent SEM and significant values of Student's t tests are depicted as ^* P < 0.05; ^** P < 0.01.