Table 1.
Genes involved in antioxidative neuroprotection mediated by 17β-estradiol in the CNS.
| Target gene (up or down) | Proposed effects | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|
| SOD1 (↑) | ROS elimination | [24, 28] |
| SOD2 (↑) | ROS elimination | [28] |
| GPx (↑) | ROS elimination | [25] |
| Catalase (↑) | ROS elimination | [25] |
| iNOS (↓) | Decreases in reactive radicals | [25, 69, 70] |
| nNOS (↓) | Decreases in reactive radicals | [25] |
| GST (↑) | Elimination of ROS-derived reactive metabolites | [30] |
| NQO1 (↑) | Elimination of ROS-derived reactive metabolites | [30] |
| Seladin-1 (↑) | Antiapoptosis | [33, 34] |
| Neuroglobin (↑) | Antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation | [40, 41] |
| IL-6 (↓) | Anti-inflammation | [41] |
| IP-10 (↓) | Anti-inflammation | [41] |
| MMP-9 (↓) | Anti-inflammation | [25, 69, 70] |
| Cytochrome c oxidase (↑) | Increment of mitochondrial efficiency | [50] |
| Bax (↓) | Antiapoptosis | [42] |
IL-6: interleukin-6; IP-10: IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; NQO1, NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1.