Fig. 1.

Circular paths of translational self-movement are presented on a room-sized sled that is enclosed by an array of small lights to combine vestibular and visual cues. A: clockwise (CW, left) and counterclockwise (CC, right) paths present 360° of heading directions in the ground plane, differing only in the heading sequence. B–D: 3 patterns of macaque dorsal medial superior temporal cortex (MSTd) single neuron responses were obtained during the presentation of circular path movement. B: heading selectivity is seen as responses to the same heading direction, in this case rightward movement, regardless of the path on which it occurs. C: path selectivity consists of heading selective responses that are much larger on one path, in this case CW, than on the other path. D: place selectivity consists of self-movement responses with a near 180° shift in heading selectivity between paths, resulting in a preference for movement through a particular place in the room. Each circular spike density plot represents averaged neuronal firing rate at the corresponding location on the circular path as the width of the green area extending from the enclosed open circle. The radially oriented line on each plot indicates the net vector direction and mean resultant length for that circular distribution.