Fig. 1.

Total activity in the open field was not altered by gonadal status or treatment in female (A) or male (B) mice. Percentage of time spent in the center of the open field was higher in ovariectomized (OVX) mice than intact female mice (C), indicating increased anxiety-like behavior. Values are means ± SE total moves in the open field for female (A) and male mice (B). OVX female mice spent a larger percentage of their time (means ± SE) in the center of the open field than intact mice (C). Percentage of time (means ± SE) in the center of the open field did not differ among male mice (D). Significant mean differences at P < 0.05 indicated by different letters above groups (e.g., a vs. b) as determined by Tukey's HSD post hoc. RA, room air; IH, intermittent hypoxia; CAST, castrated.