Fig. 2.

Intact female mice were protected against IH-induced spatial learning and memory deficits, whereas intact male mice exposed to IH had impaired learning and memory compared with RA-exposed males. Mean (± SE) latency to find the escape hole for female mice (A), number of errors for female mice (C), and path length for female mice (E) are shown. Mean (± SE) latency to find the escape hole for male mice (B), number of errors for male mice (D), and path length for male mice (F) are shown. *Significant mean differences among groups at P < 0.05 as determined by Tukey HSD post hoc. Gonadx, gonadectomized.