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. 2015 Apr 19;370(1666):20140343. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0343

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© 2015 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 4. — Relationships among major groups of land plants showing the hypothesized broad range of clades to which cryptophytes (extinct cryptospore-producing plants) might belong (shaded yellow oval; modified after [5,26]). As currently envisaged, cryptophytes is a grade of organization potentially encompassing plants spanning the embryophyte to vascular plant stem-groups as well as stem-group hornworts, mosses and liverworts. Some key developments discussed in the text are indicated on branches. Also indicated is a major shift in life cycle among clades from gametophyte dominated (sG) to sporophyte dominated (Sg) life cycles. The intermediate isomorphic life cycle (SG) is only known in some extinct plants. Estimated divergence times in millions of years.