Anti-human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E mAb Terasaki Foundation Laboratory (TFL)-037s, which did not mimic the HLA reactivity of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in that it did not recognize HLA-F and HLA-G, although it recognized the peptide sequences not shared by HLA-F and HLA-G, did not suppress phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes. (a) TFL-037s did not affect PHA-induced proliferation of CD4+ subpopulations of T lymphocytes. After incubating cells with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), treatment was as indicated above each row. The three groups of T cells are the same as described in Fig. 2. Note that in the upper row (no PHA) all cells are present in the right side of the sub-box and there are no lymphocytes in left sub-box (M3–5). With PHA only (second row), there is a very high number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the M3–5 sub-boxes, indicating that proliferation had occurred in all groups. Addition of anti-HLA-E mAb TFL-037s did not affect the number of CD4+ T cells, suggesting that TFL-037s does not affect their proliferation. (b) Neither TFL-037 nor TFL-006 suppressed PHA-activated CD8+ T lymphoblasts, whereas TFL-007s reduced proliferation significantly in M3–5 (progeny lymphoblasts) and M1/2 (parent lymphoblasts).