Figure 24.

Probing the specific sugar–lectin interactions on surface modified by (a,c) glucose and (b,d) galactose. The interaction between lectin and immobilized saccharide was detected by either (a,b) DPV or (c,d) EIS. Bare screen printed electrode was modified by graphene oxide (GO), then by antraquinone containing glucose (GO-GA1) or galactose (GO-GA2), and interaction between saccharide-containing surfaces was probed by two lectins: Con A, recognizing glucose; and peanut agglutinin, recognizing galactose. All experiments were performed in Tris-HCl (pH 7.0). Adapted with permission from ref (634). Copyright 2013 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.: Scientific Reports.