Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of sample by agitation symptoms
| NPI agitation score ≤3 (N=493) | NPI agitation score >3 (N=202) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean and median | |||
| Per capita annual cost* | |||
| Mean (SD) | 27 752 (38 413) | 38 910 (46 150) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 24 796 (3512–38 656) | 28 492 (11 680–40 164) | 0.001 |
| Total NPI score | |||
| Mean (SD) | 14 (11) | 32 (16) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 12 (6–19) | 29 (21–42) | <0.001 |
| Per cent | |||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 27.8 | 28.7 | 0.80 |
| Female | 72.2 | 71.3 | |
| Age category (years) | |||
| 50–59 | 1.4 | 1.5 | |
| 60–69 | 8.1 | 5.9 | |
| 70–79 | 33.7 | 45.5 | 0.06 |
| 80–89 | 46.9 | 37.6 | |
| 90–99 | 9.9 | 9.4 | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 4.9 | 8.4 | |
| Married | 40.6 | 34.7 | |
| Separated | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.01 |
| Divorced | 2.4 | 5.0 | |
| Widower | 50.5 | 49.5 | |
| Other | 0.2 | 2.0 | |
| Ethnic group | |||
| White British | 78.5 | 75.3 | |
| White Irish | 7.1 | 8.9 | |
| White other | 9.5 | 8.9 | |
| Greek | 0.4 | 1.0 | |
| Black Caribbean | 2.6 | 3.0 | 0.65 |
| Black other | 0.4 | 1.5 | |
| Indian | 0.2 | 0.0 | |
| Pakistani | 0.4 | 0.0 | |
| Other | 0.8 | 1.5 | |
| Highest level of education | |||
| Primary | 2.6 | 4.5 | |
| Secondary | 82.2 | 69.3 | |
| Tertiary | 9.9 | 13.9 | 0.002 |
| Other | 0.6 | 1.0 | |
| Not known | 4.7 | 11.4 | |
| Previous employment | |||
| Manager/administrator | 6.7 | 4.0 | |
| Professional | 11.0 | 5.9 | |
| Associate professional | 1.8 | 2.0 | |
| Clerical worker/secretary | 18.9 | 17.8 | |
| Skilled labourer | 18.5 | 23.8 | 0.23 |
| Services/sales | 15.2 | 15.4 | |
| Factory worker | 11.2 | 8.9 | |
| Other | 15.6 | 20.3 | |
| Don’t know | 0.2 | 0.0 | |
| Rurality | |||
| Urban | 90.7 | 90.6 | 0.98 |
| Rural | 9.3 | 9.4 | |
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 89.9 | 95.1 | |
| Yes: IDDM | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.09 |
| Yes: NIDDM—medically controlled | 7.3 | 4.0 | |
| Yes: NIDDM—diet controlled | 1.2 | 1.0 | |
| Stroke | |||
| No | 90.7 | 92.1 | 0.55 |
| Yes | 9.3 | 7.9 | |
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 63.5 | 69.8 | 0.11 |
| Yes | 36.5 | 30.2 | |
| Heart disease | |||
| No | 95.9 | 91.6 | 0.02 |
| Yes | 4.1 | 8.4 | |
| Cognitive impairment | |||
| Mild (MMSE 21–30) | 26.4 | 8.9 | |
| Moderate (MMSE 10–20) | 37.7 | 28.2 | <0.001 |
| Severe (MMSE ≤9) | 35.9 | 62.9 | |
*2011 UK£.
IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NIDDM, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory.