Table 3.

Factors independently associated with an HIV infection hotspot among male and female IDUs in Tijuana, Mexico, April 2006–April 2007

Independent Variable	Adjusted Odds Ratio for Males (95% CI) (n=845)	Adjusted Odds Ratio for Females (95% CI) (n=146)
Homeless (past 6 months)	1.72 (1.14–2.60)**
Travels > 5km between residence and regular injection site	3.26 (1.67–6.38)***
Ever deported from the U.S.	1.58 (1.18–2.12)**
Active syphilis (syphilis titer≥1:8)	3.03 (1.63–5.62)***
Receptive needle/syringe sharing (past 6 mo)	0.57 (0.42–0.78)***
Police presence affected where used drugs (past 6 mo)	1.59 (1.17–2.15)**
Beaten by police officer (past 6 mo)	1.57 (1.17–2.11)**
High perceived risk of HIV infection	1.52 (1.13–2.03)**
Had health insurance (past 6 mo)	0.53 (0.33–0.87)*	0.12 (0.03–0.59)**
Prostitution was main source of income in past year		8.20 (2.20–30.59)**
Lifetime syphilis exposure (antibody positive)		2.73 (1.08–6.93)*
Normally injects indoors (past 6 mo)		5.26 (1.54–17.92)**
Ever arrested for carrying unused needle/syringe		4.87 (1.56–15.15)**
Ever had HIV test		2.45 (1.04–5.81)*

^*p-value<0.05

^**p-value<0.01

^***p-value<0.001