HRL1 overexpression leads to compromised defense. (A) Rosette leaves of 4-week-old plants of HRL1 overexpressing lines and wild-type Col-0 were infiltrated with Pst DC3000 at a titer of 5×105 cfu/ml, and disease development (chlorosis- and water-soaked lesions) was monitored over a period of 5 days. Plants were photographed at 3 dpi. (B) Rosette leaves of 4-week-old plants were infiltrated with virulent Psm ES4326 (Psm) and Pst DC3000 (Pst) at a titer of 5×105 cfu/ml. For each genotype, nine plants were tested individually. Two leaf discs from each plant were collected at day 0 and 3 dpi. Bacterial growth is presented as cfu/leaf disc and represents the mean and SD of nine individual plants. The entire experiment was repeated at least twice more with plants grown at different times, and similar results were obtained. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*p<0.001, Mann–Whitney test). (C) Rosette leaves of 4-week-old plants were infiltrated with avirulent Pst DC3000 (avrRpm1) and Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2) at a titer of 5×105 cfu/ml. For each genotype, nine plants were tested individually. Two leaf discs from each plant were collected at day 0 and 3 dpi. Bacterial growth is presented as cfu/leaf disc and represents the mean and SD of nine individual plants. The entire experiment was repeated at least twice more with plants grown at different times, and similar results were obtained. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*p<0.001, Mann–Whitney test). To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars