Table 2.
List of the Primary Regions that Predict Variability in F1 and F2 During Sustained Production of the Vowel /a/ and Their Correlated Secondary Associated Regions
| Measure | Primary predictor | Secondary associates |
|---|---|---|
| F1 | L Mid Cerebellum [−0.24] | L Superior Cerebellum (+0.49)*** |
| L Inferior Frontal (+0.34)* | ||
| R Inferior Frontal (+0.38)** | ||
| R Superior Cerebellum [+0.49] | L Mid Cerebellum (+0.48)*** | |
| L Caudate (−0.32)* | ||
| L Thalamus (+0.46)*** | ||
| L Inferior Frontal (−0.51)*** | ||
| R Inferior Cerebellum (+0.34)* | ||
| R Mid Cerebellum (+0.62)*** | ||
| R Superior Temporal (−0.51)*** | ||
| R Transverse Temporal (−0.39)** | ||
| R Thalamus (+0.52)*** | ||
| L Putamen [−0.65] | L Mid Cerebellum (+0.32)* | |
| L Caudate (+0.62)*** | ||
| R Thalamus (+0.33)* | ||
| R Caudate [+0.62] | L Superior Temporal (+0.32)* | |
| R Superior Temporal (+0.6)*** | ||
| R Putamen (+0.45)** | ||
| R Supplementary Motor (−0.35)* | ||
| R Inferior Frontal [−0.37] | L Superior Cerebellum (+0.36)** | |
| L Thalamus (+0.46)*** | ||
| L Supplementary Motor (+0.51)*** | ||
| R Inferior Cerebellum (−0.33)* | ||
| R Putamen (+0.35)* | ||
| R Sensory Motor Strip (+0.45)*** | ||
| F2 | L Superior Temporal [+0.47] | L Transverse Temporal (+0.76)*** |
| L Thalamus (+0.34)* | ||
| L Sensory Motor Strip (+0.52)*** | ||
| L Supplementary Motor (+0.55)*** | ||
| R Transverse Temporal (+0.43)** | ||
| R Thalamus (+0.37)** | ||
| R Sensory Motor Strip (+0.43)** | ||
| R Supplementary Motor (+0.58)*** | ||
| R Transverse Temporal [−0.37] | L Inferior Cerebellum (−0.49)*** | |
| L Mid Cerebellum (−0.41)** | ||
| L Superior Temporal (+0.58)*** | ||
| R Inferior Cerebellum (−0.43)** | ||
| R Mid Cerebellum (−0.55)*** | ||
| R Superior Cerebellum (−0.34)* | ||
| R Superior Temporal (+0.55)*** | ||
| R Thalamus (−0.47)*** | ||
| R Sensory Motor Strip (−0.32)* | ||
| R Thalamus [−0.75] | L Superior Cerebellum (−0.4)** | |
| L Supplementary Motor (+0.39)** | ||
| R Inferior Cerebellum (+0.36)* | ||
| R Superior Temporal (−0.46)*** | ||
| R Sensory Motor Strip (+0.47)*** | ||
| R Supplementary Motor [+0.48] | L Sensory Motor Strip (+0.46)*** | |
| R Caudate (−0.34)* |
Variability is characterized as coefficients of variation for the first (F1) and second (F2) formant frequency values. The standardized regression coefficients for the primary predictor regions are presented in square brackets and the partial correlations for the secondary associated regions are presented in parentheses. Asterisks indicate p-values for the partial correlations (*p< 0.025; **p≤ 0.01; ***p≤ 0.001).