. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 15.

Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2015 Jan 28;283(3):168–177. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.015

Table 3. Gene Expression Changes after TCA Treatment.

Human or mouse hepatocytes were treated with the indicated concentration of taurocholic acid (TCA) and then RT-PCR was used to assess gene changes. No changes were found at 50 or 500 μM TCA treatment in human hepatocytes (data not shown). N=3.

Murine Hepatocytes
	Control	5000μM TCA
mKC	1.0 ± 0.1	25.1 ± 4.6^*
MIP-2	1.0 ± 0.1	780.0 ± 122.0^*
VCAM-1	1.0 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.2^*
ICAM-1	1.0 ± 0.1	7.4 ± 0.3^*
TNF-α	1.0 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.4^*
Human Hepatocytes
	Control	5000μM TCA
CXCL-1 (mKC)	1.0 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.4
CXCL-2 (MIP-2)	1.0 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.1
ICAM-1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.4
IL-8	1.0 ± 0.2	2.4 ± 0.4^*

P<0.05 (versus control).

mKC, mouse keratinocyte derived factor; MIP-2, macrophage inflammatory protein 2; VCAM-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; CXCL, CXC chemokine motif ligand; IL-8, interleukin-8.