Table 1. Clinical characteristics of study population.
| Caucasians‡ | African-Americans‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Children | Adults | Children | Adults | |
| Number (n) | 65 | 116 | 36 | 50 |
| Female (n, %) | 25 (38%) | 56 (48%) | 14 (39%) | 25 (50%) |
| Age (year) | 14 ± 0 | 44 ± 1 | 13 ± 1 | 43 ± 2 |
| Body weight (kg) | 53 ± 2 | 88 ± 2 | 53 ± 3 | 91 ± 3 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20 ± 0.5 | 30 ± 0.6 | 21 ± 0.7 | 31 ± 1.0 |
| Current smokers (n, %) | 0 (0%) | 12 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (14%) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67 ± 1 | 79 ± 1 | 67 ± 1 | 81 ± 2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 111 ± 1 | 126 ± 1 | 112 ± 2 | 130 ± 2 |
| Medication use (n, %) | ||||
| Lipid-lowering | 0 (0%) | 8 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (6%) |
| Antihypertensive | 0 (0%) | 10 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (16%) |
| Antidiabetic | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (14%)§ |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167 ± 5 | 199 ± 4 | 163 ± 6 | 191 ± 6 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 94 ± 4 | 117 ± 4 | 91 ± 4 | 117 ± 6 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53 ± 2 | 49 ± 1 | 58 ± 3 | 47 ± 2 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 85 (70-119) | 149 (96-216) | 64 (48-79)† | 120 (71-150)* |
| ApoB-100 (mg/dL) | 68 ± 2 | 92 ± 2 | 65 ± 3 | 93 ± 4 |
| ApoA-1 (mg/dL) | 143 ± 3 | 147 ± 2 | 152 ± 4 | 149 ± 4 |
| ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 0.64 ± 0.02 | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.65 ± 0.03 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 87 (80-98) | 96 (86-105) | 78 (87-92) | 91 (81-103) |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, except for triglycerides and glucose which are expressed as median with interquartile range. Data for triglycerides and glucose were logarithmically transformed before statistical inferential analyses. Children were defined as ≤18 years of age.
*
p<0.05 versus Caucasian adults;
§
p<0.001 versus Caucasian adults;
†
p<0.001 versus Caucasian children
‡
All variables, excluding HDL cholesterol and apoA-1, were significantly higher in adults versus children. HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in adults versus children in African-Americans (p=0.002), but not in Caucasians. ApoA-1 levels did not differ significantly between adults and children in either ethnic group.