Table 1. Subject characteristics according to categories of BMI.
| Male | Female | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Normal weight (BMI, 18.5–23.9) | Over weight (BMI, 24.0–27.9) | Obesity (BMI≥28.0) | P value | Normal weight (BMI, 18.5–23.9) | Over weight (BMI, 24.0–27.9) | Obesity (BMI≥28.0) | P value |
| N | 153 | 208 | 74 | 170 | 231 | 130 | ||
| Age (y) | 69.35(68.22,70.49) | 68.53 (67.64,69.43) | 67.23 (65.85,68.60)* | 0.023 | 67.71(66.80,68.42) | 65.97 (65.31,66.64)* | 66.09 (65.21,66.98)* | 0.005 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.01(63.05,64.96) | 74.92 (74.07,75.78)* | 85.31 (83.32,87.29)* † | <0.001 | 53.28(52.38,54.18) | 64.87 (64.09,65.65)* | 75.74 (74.25,77.24)* † | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 170.5(169.5,171.4) | 169.7(168.8,170.5) | 169.4(167.8,171.0) | 0.376 | 156.2(155.2,157.2) | 157.9 (157.1,158.7)* | 157.5(156.4,158.6) | 0.028 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.00(21.78,22.23) | 26.00(25.85,26.14)* | 29.67(29.26,30.08)* † | <0.001 | 21.79(21.56,22.02) | 25.97(25.82,26.12)* | 30.45(30.09,30.82)* † | <0.001 |
| Famer (%) | 85.0 | 82.1 | 77.0 | 0.340 | 92.2 | 93.4 | 93.0 | 0.898 |
| Education (%) | ||||||||
| Primary or below | 77.1 | 74.5 | 81.1 | 0.509 | 85.9 | 89.2 | 85.5 | 0.593 |
| Secondary or above | 22.9 | 25.5 | 18.9 | 0.509 | 14.1 | 10.8 | 11.5 | 0.593 |
| Drinking status (%) | ||||||||
| Current | 36.6 | 29.1 | 28.4 | 0.256 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.967 |
| Occasional | 19.0 | 25.1 | 35.1 | 0.029 | 4.8 | 7.6 | 5.4 | 0.472 |
| Former | 19.0 | 25.6 | 18.9 | 0.250 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.005 |
| Never | 25.5 | 20.2 | 17.6 | 0.315 | 91.1 | 91.1 | 93.1 | 0.775 |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||||
| Never | 33.3 | 30.9 | 31.1 | 0.877 | 45.2 | 63.6 | 72.1 | <0.001 |
| Former | 20.9 | 33.3 | 29.7 | 0.035 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 9.3 | 0.693 |
| Current | 45.8 | 35.8 | 39.2 | 0.162 | 43.5 | 24.1 | 18.6 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 23.5 | 41.8 | 51.4 | <0.001 | 39.4 | 52.4 | 60.8 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 3.9 | 4.3 | 9.5 | 0.163 | 8.8 | 14.3 | 16.2 | 0.128 |
| Cancer (%) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.791 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.506 |
| Coronary heartdisease (%) | 15.0 | 17.3 | 16.2 | 0.846 | 27.6 | 31.6 | 35.4 | 0.354 |
| Stroke (%) | 6.5 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 0.514 | 2.9 | 7.8 | 8.5 | 0.080 |
| Arthritis (%) | 19.0 | 25.5 | 25.7 | 0.300 | 30.6 | 30.3 | 36.9 | 0.385 |
| Hyperuricemia (%) | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.825 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 3.7† | 0.406 |
| IPAQ scores | 3860 (3075,464) | 5087(4195,5979) | 4775 (3373,6177)† | 0.146 | 4216(3461,4971) | 2869(2423,3316)* | 3746(2801,42691) | 0.011 |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.65(4.36,4.94) | 5.10(4.18,6.01) | 4.89(4.64,5.14) | 0.676 | 5.07(4.93,5.22) | 5.31(5.10,5.62) | 5.84(4.62,7.06) | 0.227 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 2.53(0.55,4.52) | 1.60(1.45,1.74) | 2.35(1.46,3.24) | 0.484 | 2.45 (0.55,4.35) | 4.22(0.93,7.52) | 1.86(1.71,2.02) | 0.435 |
| GLU (mmol/l) | 6.03(5.12,6.94) | 5.86(5.54,6.18) | 7.53(4.82,10.24)† | 0.119 | 5.79(5.32,6.26) | 6.28(5.56,6.99) | 6.05(5.61,6.49) | 0.526 |
| Grip /weight (kg/kg) | 0.52(0.51,0.54) | 0.46(0.45,0.47) | 0.44(0.42,0.46)* | 0.002 | 0.38(0.37,0.39) | 0.33(0.32,0.34)* | 0.28(0.27,0.29)* † | 0.014 |
| Walking speed (m/s) | 1.01(0.92,1.11) | 0.97(0.93,1.00)* | 0.96 (0.91,1.01) | 0.543 | 1.04(1.00,1.07) | 1.05(1.02,1.08) | 1.08(1.03,1.12) | 0.353 |
| TUGT (s) | 11.00(10.06,11.95) | 10.50(10.10,10.91) | 10.39(9.68,11.11) | 0.461 | 10.72(10.33,11.10) | 10.97(10.56,11.38) | 11.14(10.61,11.69) | 0.454 |
1 BMI, body mass index; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; GLU, fasting blood glucose.
2 Obtained by using ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square for variables of proportion.
3 Mean; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values).
4 * p < 0.05 versus Normal weight; † p < 0.05 versus Over weight.