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. 2015 Mar 16;10(3):e0121488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121488

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© 2015 Nishihara et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Fig 2 — (A) The effects of pretreatment with fingolimod-phosphate on the expression of tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) in the presence of MS sera were determined using a Western blot analysis. (B)(C)(D)(E)(F) Each bar graph reflects the combined densitometry data for the independent experiments (mean ± SEM, RRMS-R n = 3, RRMS-S n = 3, SPMS n = 3). Pretreatment with fingolimod-phosphate resulted in an increase in the claudin-5 protein levels (B) and TEER values (G) and a decrease in the VCAM-1 protein levels (F) in the BMECs, which were upregulated after exposure to the sera from all MS patients, including the RRMS-R, RRMS-S and SPMS patients, compared to that observed in the cells not pretreated with fingolimod-phosphate.